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Int J Intercult Relat
Psychiatry Investig


inner Strength-Based Inventory (SBI)

 inner Strength-Based Inventory (iSBI)          

download the iSBI here  iSBI-5_1 Eng.pdf

ดาว์นโหลดภาษาไทย ได้ที่นี่ iSBI-V Thai Version.pdf

Chinese version iSBI-V Chinese version.pdf

For permission to use it, please contact Prof. Dr. Nahathai Wongpakaran  nahathai.wongpakaran@cmu.ac.th  

หากประสงค์จะขออนุญาตในการนำไปใช้ โปรดติดต่อ  ศ.พญ. ณหทัย วงศ์ปการันย์ ที่ email   : nahathai.wongpakaran@cmu.ac.th 

 

Ten perfections (known as inner strengths) are considered positive psychological characteristics, namely, generosity, morality, mindfulness/meditation, wisdom, perseverance, patience and endurance, truthfulness, determination, loving kindness and equanimity. 

Psychometric property

The iSBI shows the acceptable fit statistics with OUTFIT / INFIT ranges from .68 to 1.68. In PCA of residuals, the variance explained by the measurement dimension was 58.0%, and the first principal component of the residuals (first contrast) was 6.8%, while the eigen value was 1.62. No inter-item residual correlations were higher than .3. All items indicated unidimensionality and local independence.

No significant differential item functioning was found due to age and sex.

Person separation was 2.45 for iSBI, corresponding to good reliability coefficients of .86. Item reliability was .99 (>.80), The iSBI items appeared to be targeted well with the persons (less than .5 logits)

Cronbach's alpha  values :   0.74 in adolescents ( n = 435),  0.71 in adults (n = 1300), 0.71 in older adults (n = 232), 0.86 in Chinese version ( n= 290, Mao et al., 2023)

Administration

The score ranges from 5-50. The higher score, the higher level of that respective character.

Total score of the iSBI can be used to represent the construct of “inner strength.”  

However, individual score of each 10 item can be used independently. As a single item, there is no internal consistency to be calculated. Test-retest may be a better measure of participant consistency (or at least equally as informative as Cronbach’s alpha)(Shen C, et al, 2019). Reliability of each score is examined among 20 participants using two-week test-retest reliability. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with absolute agreement method is analyzed, and the results are shown to be acceptable ( ICC > 0.7).

Intraclass Correlation Coefficient

 

Average measures

95% Confidence Interval

F Test with True Value 0

iSBI item

Lower Bound

Upper Bound

Value

df1

df2

Sig

1

.873

.679

.950

8.587

19

19

.000

2

.922

.802

.969

14.038

19

19

.000

3

.853

.632

.941

6.690

19

19

.000

4

.848

.612

.940

6.317

19

19

.000

5

.931

.825

.973

13.875

19

19

.000

6

.923

.805

.970

14.231

19

19

.000

7

.828

.575

.931

5.957

19

19

.000

8

.880

.696

.953

8.030

19

19

.000

9

.934

.834

.974

14.550

19

19

.000

10

.783

.444

.914

4.441

19

19

.001

Scoring and Interpretations

Norm is estimated in 2505 Thai sample, aged 15-90 years old. 

Individual item:

 

Strength

Mean

SD

low

average

High

 

Truthfulness

3.13

1.162

1-2

3

4-5

Perserverance

2.81

1.049

1-2

3

4-5

Wisdom

3.32

1.084

1

2-3

4-5

Generosity

3.68

1.007

1-2

3-4

5

Morality (virtue, 5 precept)

3.21

1.056

1-2

3

4-5

Mindfulness (Meditation)

2.17

1.133

1

2-3

4-5

Patience and endurance

3.19

1.123

1-2

3

4-5

Equanimity

3.58

0.996

1-2

3-4

5

Determination

3.37

1.118

1-2

3

4-5

Lovingkindness

3.74

1.19

1-2

3-4

5

Total score of iSBI

Conversion Table:  

Using Rasch analysis, total raw score can be transformed into scale score (0-100) for clinical use especially when used as repeated measure.

 

Raw score

Scale score

Raw score

Scale score

Raw score

Scale score

10

00

24

44

38

59

11

12

25

45

39

60

12

19

26

46

40

61

13

23

27

47

41

63

14

27

28

48

42

64

15

29

29

49

43

66

16

32

30

50

44

68

17

34

31

51

45

70

18

35

32

52

46

73

19

37

33

53

47

76

20

39

34

54

48

81

21

40

35

55

49

88

22

41

36

56

50

100

23

42

37

57

   
           

For Categorical interpretation:

iSBI score 10 – 20 = low level of strength

iSBI score 21- 39 = Average (21-29 = Average-low, 30-39= average high)

iSBI score 40-50 = high level of strength

   

Reference:

Nahathai Wongpakaran, Tinakon Wongpakaran & Pimolpun Kuntawong (2020) Development and validation of the (inner) Strength-Based Inventory, Mental Health, Religion & Culture, Published online: 09 Jul 2020 :DOI: 10.1080/13674676.2020.1744310

Shen C, Wang MP, Ho HCY, Wan A, Stewart SM, Viswanath K, Chan SSC, Lam TH: Test–retest reliability and validity of a single-item Self-reported Family Happiness Scale in Hong Kong Chinese: findings from Hong Kong Jockey Club FAMILY Project. Quality of Life Research 2019, 28(2):535-543.

Factors Associated with Depression, Anxiety, and Somatic Symptoms among International Salespeople in the Medical Device Industry: A Cross-Sectional Study in China - PMC (nih.gov)







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